Ramalingam foods

Assignment Taken

Case Understanding

BCS Solution Summary

Solution

Ramalingam Foods has a ready to cook product portfolio, predominantly South Indian food mix including dosa-idli instant mix powder, dhokla , gulab jamoon mix and filter coffee. GBC has decided the company to expand in Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia of South-East Asia where there is huge south Indian population. The company would make greenfield expansion in Malaysia followed by export to Singapore (by road) and Indonesia (by waterways) from there. GBC has advised Ramalingam Foods to launch with current products at these three countries in this year with planned product portfolio enhancement over next two years. Ramalingam Foods will focus on R&D for product innovation (both authentic Indian and Indian themed foreign dish), marketing for extending reach cum brand building, world-class IT infrastructure for coping up with digital disruption, employee friendly productive HR policy. The regions for expansion have been chosen with a view to venture into new geographical areas as by means it already has a presence in Middle east, Southeast Asian countries and England.

While making the financial plan for Ramlingam foods with the 50 crore budget, it was decided that department-wise allocation of funds would be the ideal case as the responsibility of expansion is upon the whole organization. Our team brainstormed on the proper allocation of funds and came up with this:

The detailed allocation is given below:

HR budget

For the company to expand to three new countries, hiring has to take place. In order to create an HR budget the following assumptions were made.

Strategic Decisions taken by GBC:

• The transportation to ports to be done by the logistics partner

• Small local office to be created in Singapore and Indonesia

• Head Office for South-East operations to be created in Malaysia, owing to the tax benefits from export. (Income made from abroad by a company in Malaysia is not taxed)

• Calculations are done based on the Indian financial year.

• The finance department in Malaysia looked after the finances in Indonesia and Singapore too through centralized operations

• Logistic partners exist in all three countries that help in the transport of Ramalingam foods.

Assumptions

• Incentives to be calculated as 5% of salary keeping in mind the general industry trend of 2.5% - 7.5% of salary

• The salary was calculated keeping in mind the average salary for a person practicing the same profession in the respective country from www.payscale.com

• The minimum salary of the respected countries 3940000 IDR, 1150 SGD, 1200 ringgits in Malaysia were considered for making the budget.

• All the figures in the budget are given in INR. The exchange rate used for calculation is the rate on 25/04/20. 1 Malaysian Ringgit = ₹17.57, 1 Singapore dollar (SGD) = ₹53.57 and 1 Indonesian rupiah (IDR) = ₹0.0049

• Training was calculated at an average of 25000 per individual. 

• The indian workers were not included in the making of the budget. It was assumed that the people working in the export sector in the Indian department were already senior employees in the firm who had some experience in the export sector. 

The total HR budget is  â‚¹3,60,32,883. This is divided among the three countries. The expenditure in Malaysia is more than the expenditure in the other two countries owing to the need of more workers for the manufacturing plant.

Malaysia

In Malaysia, the total expenditure is budgeted around â‚¹ 2,97,82,433.There are 56 employees.This was done on the basis that in Malaysia, the plant starts production after 6 months. It is only for the 6 months that the salary of most employees is calculated. The ones who are in Malaysia, at the end of three months, when exports actually start to Malaysia are, 1 person for port handling, 2 compliance officers, 3 IT- (1 specialist, 1 analyst and 1 customer care), 2 marketing (both sales), 1 office maintenance, 1 finance (accountant), 3 operations (1 manager, 1 engineer and 1 chief operating officer). For these people, the salary was calculated for 9 months.

The split for Malaysian expenditure in HR are as follows:

Salary-₹2,70,30,889

Training-₹14,00,000

Incentives- ₹13,51,544

Singapore

In Singapore, the total expenditure is budgeted to â‚¹28,29,925. It houses a small office to deal with the exported goods from India (initially) and then Malaysia. There are only 4 employees in this office, however the expenditure is high as the salary in Singapore is very high. Only 4 employees are placed in this office as this office is only for exports. It is futile to expand the office before gaining considerable revenue from operations. This is the salary for a period of 8 months marking the beginning of export to this country.

The split for Singapore office’s expenditure in HR are as follows:

Salary -₹26,57,072

Training-₹1,00,000

Incentives-₹1,32,853

Indonesia

In Indonesia, the total expenditure is budgeted to â‚¹13,60,525. It is a cheaper country, as compared to Singapore. The Indonesian office holds the same number of employees (4) as that of the Singapore office for reasons as mentioned above. This salary is for a period of 7 months marking the beginning of export to this country.

The split for Indonesian office is as follows:

Salary:₹12,00,500

Training:₹1,00,000

Incentives:₹60,025

The detailed budget, with the split of salary for different departments, the number of people in each department and the salary of people according to their designation is given in the attached excel sheet under the heading HR.

Marketing Budget

As Ramalingam Foods is opening in these countries for the first time, effort has to be taken to ensure that proper marketing is done to ensure penetration into the market. The total marketing expenditure came out to be â‚¹5,38,08,680.

Assumption used:

• Packaging costs are estimated as 1% of revenue as Ramalingam has not ventured into very sophisticated varieties. This would change in the coming years.

• Advertisements start in a country in the month that the export to the country in question from India starts

Digital Advertisement was one of the main focuses in the marketing budget. ₹2,67,66,680 was allocated for advertisements alone. The breakup of advertisement expenditure is given below:

Google ads- â‚¹5,20,680

Youtube ads- â‚¹2,40,000

Facebook ads- â‚¹3,52,800

Instagram ads- â‚¹4,03,200

TV ads-₹2,00,00,000

Flyers- â‚¹7,50,000

Billboards- â‚¹45,00,000

The detailed split of advertisement cost is provided in the excel sheet. Keeping in mind that the firm has newly entered this market, extensive promotional activities were done by the team. The promotions cost â‚¹2,06,00,000. The split in promotions are given below:

Online competitions- â‚¹3,00,000

Stage shows and other promotional events- â‚¹1,00,00,000

Influencers- â‚¹36,00,000

Referrals and coupons- â‚¹7,00,000

Festive season offers- â‚¹50,00,000

Discounts and free gifts- â‚¹10,00,000

The promotional events have been explained in detail in the marketing assignment. In brief, a week long online competition would be conducted in all three countries with â‚¹1,00,000 per country as the prize amount to increase the brand’s visibility. As the brand caters to indian consumers mainly sponsoring â‚¹20,00,000 each for five different stage shows conducted by different communities will increase the sales. A budget of â‚¹12,00,000 has been set per country for top 3 influencers. Indians shop during festivals, hence â‚¹50,00,000 has been allotted to provide discounts during this period. Other promotional expenses include referrals, coupons, discounts and gifts which amounts to â‚¹17,00,000.

Attractive packaging catches a customer's eye. â‚¹64,42,000 which is 1% of the revenue was estimated as the packaging cost. However, this amount would go up in the coming years as recommendations were made to Ramalingam Foods to invest in R&D Packaging.

Export and licenses

Ramalingam Foods is in its initial days of international expansion. Hence the one time cost incurred would be huge for procuring necessary licenses. However, being one of the first firms in this segment to reach the above-mentioned countries, the company stands to reap huge benefits from this investment.

Assumptions

• There are no custom duties from India to the above three south-east countries or within these countries

• Freight charges from India to these countries is 0.5% of revenue.

• Freight charges within these countries is 0.1% of revenue. These assumptions were made based on data available on the internet based on shipping cost a percentage of price.

• Taxes were calculated as 5% of revenue.

• Logistics for transportation to and from ports were also calculated as 5% of revenue.

The total amount budgeted for this segment is â‚¹6,66,04,704.The split in the budget is as given below:

License -₹97,152.85

Company incorporation -₹12,58,012

Shipping -₹3,30,39,539.5

Logistics -₹3,22,10,000

As Ramalingam Foods is a private foreign company in Malaysia, it would incur a one-time cost of â‚¹12,29,900 for incorporation. The licensing cost was to procure FSSAI and HACCP for exports. As can be seen currently the company has huge expenses in shipping and logistics. This is due to the fact that this is the company’s first year in the South-east and the Malaysian plant took off only after 6 months. The major part of shipping cost is insurance and taxes out of which insurance gets the bigger piece. However, in the coming years the rates would come down with increasing volumes from Malaysian plants and partnering with logistic firms and insurance firms.

IT

In this age of Industry 4.0, automation and implementation of machine learning techniques is very significant. Besides reducing the economic cost of running the business and increasing efficiency of the firm, these also help to forecast the future of the company, thus allowing the firm to take the best possible business decisions given the conditions.

Assumptions:

• The prices were fixed under existing market rates for the product

• Automation of the plant is included as part of the IT budget

• Backward integration is the method adopted for IT expansion

• The company creates a new website for south-east asia

• The company had never invested in analysis tools before

The IT budget was made to take full advantage of the available technology. The expense allocated to the IT department is â‚¹2,06,40,000. The breakup of the budget is as follows:

Website - â‚¹5,50,000

Analysis Tools -₹26,70,000

Infrastructure -₹12,00,000

Automation -₹55,00,000

Backward Integration -₹1,00,00,000

Others -₹7,20,000

The detailed split is given in the excel sheet under the heading IT budget. A highlight of the budget is that in order to be ready for the tech-savvy market, Ramalingam Foods should invest in modern technologies like VR and blockchain to become the market leader. Hence â‚¹1,00,00,000 has been allotted for investment in startups. Another avenue for expenditure is automation. Automation would lead to reduction in workforce and reduce the long run cost of the firm. â‚¹55,00,000. A provision was also made to include SAP and other analysis toolkits to have a proper analysis of the business. This amounted to â‚¹26,70,000. Others mentioned in the breakup include antivirus, skype and specialized training.

Research and Development

R & D is a crucial part of any consumer-centric business operating in a monopolistic environment. It differentiates one product from the other. It was found that packaging is a key factor to draw masses and offer a considerable markup for the product. Hence allocation was provided for innovations in packaging. As the company is expanding to new horizons, it is necessary to come up with products that reflect the culture of the place. Hence funds have been allocated to the development of instant foods in south-east asian cuisine and development of fusion foods combining indian and south-east asian food.

Assumptions:

• Ramalingam Foods have very modern management who likes to experiment into newer areas while sticking to its own humble roots.

The budget allocated for R&D is â‚¹6,00,00,000. The division is as follows:

Packaging innovation - â‚¹1,00,00,000

Indigenous food development - â‚¹3,00,00,000

Fusion food development - â‚¹2,00,00,000

Plant, property, machinery budget

Out of the investment, â‚¹10,00,00,000 was spent on investment in land for the factory The construction cost  â‚¹2,00,00,000. It was assumed that every product uses 5 machines and the cost of machines was taken as â‚¹4,00,000. Hence, the total cost was estimated to be â‚¹1,00,00,000 for the machines. Total budget allocated for this is  â‚¹13,00,00,000. 

A projected profit and loss statement for the company was also made in the current scenario. The company showed a loss, however, as can be seen from the excel sheet the loss was due to the loses made due to investments and not the ones due to the operation of the company. As the operational losses of the company are very small and as the market continues to grow, this business would be profitable from the second year. Promotions and advertisements are counted as a part of investment in this case and so is r and d and the initial amounts spend in setting up the website and analysis tools, Hence eliminating all that would reduce the losses to a very small amount which is perfectly fine for a firm in its first year of operation in a new country. The losses could also be due to the fact that the firm started its business from the fourth month of the financial year.

Conclusion

Attached File Details